Interpretarea culturilor | Clifford Geertz

Interpretarea culturilor | Clifford Geertz

3.60/5 (3)

&ldquo
Atunci cand, la inceputul anilor &rsquo
70, am inceput sa strang aceste eseuri, toate scrise in deceniul dinainte, in timpul legendarilor ani &rsquo
60, era departe de a-mi fi clar ce altceva le punea in legatura unele cu altele, in afara de faptul ca eu le scrisesem. Unele erau despre Indonezia, unde lucrasem mai multi ani, unele erau despre ideea de cultura, o obsesie a mea, altele erau despre religie, politica, timp si evolutie, iar unul, care probabil ca avea sa devina cel mai faimos sau, poate, cel mai infam (i-a redus atat pe marxisti, cat si pe intelectualii progresisti, la balbaieli furioase) era un text mai degraba extravagant despre semnificatia mai profunda a luptelor de cocosi in randul balinezilor. Reuseau ele sa alcatuiasca ceva: o teorie? Un punct de vedere? O abordare? Nu aveam nici macar un titlu pentru aceasta chestie, cu atat mai putin o argumentatie.Ma gandisem sa o numesc Semnificatie si cultura, dar regretatul Marvin Kessler, care era editorul meu la Basic Books si caruia ii apartinuse de la bun inceput ideea de a-mi aduna eseurile in volum, a avut, pe buna dreptate, o parere destul de proasta despre el - eschivarea era prea evidenta, iar formularea neinspirata - si m-a indemnat sa scriu o introducere analitica extinsa in care sa imi enunt pozitia generala. I-am spus ca nu stiam ca am asa ceva. El mi-a raspuns (pe vremea aceea existau editori): 'O sa gasesti una&'. Si astfel am produs 'Capitolul I. Descrierea in profunzime: catre o teorie interpretativa a culturii&' si am descoperit atat o pozitie, cat si un motto cu care am trait de atunci incolo. Aceasta ordine inversata a lucrurilor - mai intai scrii si apoi iti dai seama despre ce scrii - poate parea ciudata sau chiar perversa, dar ea constituie, cred eu, cel putin in majoritatea cazurilor, procedura standard in antropologia culturala.&' &ldquo
Este adevarat ca in Romania nu exista o traditie veritabila a gandirii antropologice si ca disciplina antropologiei, atat cat s-a putut dezvolta ea recent, a ramas un fel de subramura a sociologiei. Din perspectiva mai larga a ansamblului stiintelor sociale, Interpretarea culturilor este poate mai importanta decat pare la prima vedere. Sociologia romaneasca a fost pana nu demult bantuita de spectrul teoriei functionaliste parsoniene, a distinctiei intre economic, politic, social si cultural ca domenii autonome ontologic si epistemologic (faimoasa 'schema AGIL&', ajunsa un fel de cliseu teoretic parsonian), a culturii ca adunatura de valori sau mentalitati (termeni intelesi in cheie individualista si mentalista si care permit o intelegere decontextualiza(n)ta si esentialista a culturii) si a schimbarii sociale ca proces de modernizare sau dezvoltare a intregii societati (incluzand aruncarea la cosul de gunoi al istoriei a practicilor, institutiilor si chiar a oamenilor asociati cu 'traditionalul&', oferind totodata justificarea diferitelor sociologii conservatoare ce refuza atat idealul 'modernitatii&', cat si 'traditionalul&' asa cum exista el de fapt, in favoarea unui 'traditional&' imaginar si cu adevarat anacronic). Mai mult ca niciodata, stiintele sociale din Romania au nevoie de o baza solida de cunoastere densa, de dezvoltarea...

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